Ladislav Csáder (1909 – 1975) was Slovak graphic designer based in Bratislava. His cover of the book
Leninfrom the poet Mayakovskij is one of the most famous acquisitions of the collection. This book was published in 1950 by publishing house Pravda for its poetry series.
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Bratislava Námestie Ľudovíta Štúra 1, Slovakia 811 02
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Mića Popović’s first independent exhibition was held in 1950 in the Art Pavilion in Belgrade. In the introduction to the exhibition, he explained his artistic standpoints and principles. The catalogue’s foreword represented the first public deviation from the ideology of socialist realism as the dominant trend in art of that time. Popović wrote: ‘General human warm feelings for nature, for love, are no opponents to socialism at all and do not mean indifference to its problems. On the contrary, for a period of organised struggle for mankind, they should be very typical, and humanist and warm.’
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On 7 September 1950, the Presidium abolished most monastic orders in Hungary. The Jesuit Order was also dissolved, the central Provincial Archive was completely destroyed, and the collections of the Jesuits were scattered. Fragments from the collection were given to reliable members of the faithful, who kept them in their homes, or monks took the documents and kept them safe.
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Budapest Mária utca 25, Hungary 1085
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László Lajtha received the national Kossuth Prize for his work as an ethnographer and folk music collector. This gesture did little to offset the fact that in 1948, upon his return from London, the Hungarian government denied him a passport, thereby forcibly keeping him in Hungary where he was blacklisted. He refused any connection with the Communist Party, and had to sell his belongings to make ends meet. Lajtha was a world-famous composer, and without a doubt, it was extraordinary that he was prohibited from traveling. The Kossuth Prize was a symbolic gesture, one that permitted him to travel within the country collecting folk music and songs without allowing him to leave.
Lajtha attended the ceremony but donated the prize money as a protest against the political regime. (The Kossuth Prize, a state-sponsored award in Hungary, was established in 1948 to mark the centenary of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. In 1948, and during the socialist era, the award was given to those with prominent achievement in the fields of science, culture and the arts, as well as in building of socialism.)
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In 1952, László Lajtha coauthored a play entitled The Exiled Maid: A Chronicle from 1764 (Bujdosó Lány, Krónika 1764-ből), which was performed nine times but which within a year had been prohibited by the regime. His coauthor was Áron Tamási, an ethnic Hungarian author from Transylvania. The story of the play is very simple. It is a monologue based on the story of the Massacre at Mádéfalva (Siculeni, Romania). The play consists of four folksongs in Lajtha’s adaptation. Lajtha collected these songs during his collecting trips in Transylvania between 1911 and 1914 and in 1943. Tamási wrote texts before, between, and after the songs. They finished the work in 1952, and the main actress was the also unheeded Márta Mezey (1909–1983). The monologue must have been extraordinary and bold. First, it was based on Transylvanian songs instead of Soviet ones, and the writers, Lajtha and Tamási, were so-called déclassé elements (meaning people who earlier had been members of the middle class but who had lost their social positions and were regarded as enemies by the socialist state). Within a year, it had been banned by the regime. Seven years later, as the Kádár regime began to adopt a different cultural policy, Bujdosó lány was performed again, with Mezey in the role again.
Tamási moved to Hungary in 1944 and stayed in the country until his death. In the bequest, one finds many documents in connection with him, since he and Lajtha were friends.
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